In 2025, the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews conducted the second edition of semiotic research on the image of Jews in Polish culture. The aim of the study was to capture changes in relation to similar research conducted in 2022.

The report "Who do Poles see when they see a Jew... after October 7, 2023?" is a publication summarising this research.
The 2022 research (published in 2023) showed how Jews are portrayed in Polish culture and political discourse, how this image has the potential to create antisemitic narratives, and how it is perceived by people in Poland – both within and outside the Jewish community.

Over the next two years, world events influenced attitudes towards Jews in Poland. Various sides of the political dispute introduced anti-Jewish obsession and hatred into public debate, thereby gaining new supporters, media attention and reach on social media. Antisemitism became the fuel that drove political discourse.

The repeated study shows whether and, if so, to what extent significant political and social events in recent years have influenced this image. We looked at the image of Jews and anti-Semitic narratives present in Polish popular culture in the years 2023–2025.

The research was conducted by Semiotic Solutions.

Report was written by Marzena Żurawicka, Krzysztof Polak.

The publication was produced within the framework of the Comprehensive program for researching and combating antisemitism and other prejudices in Poland, run by POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews.

In 2025, the research was realised together with the Association of the Jewish Historical Institute in Poland, thanks to the support of the Sills Family Foundation.